{"id":31343,"date":"2026-03-18T08:48:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T08:48:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artus.at\/?p=31343"},"modified":"2026-03-18T08:48:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T08:48:33","slug":"taxation-of-expats-part-2-employment-of-employees-abroad-or-vice-versa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/blog\/taxation-of-expats-part-2-employment-of-employees-abroad-or-vice-versa\/","title":{"rendered":"Taxation of Expats \u2013 Part 2: Employment of Employees Abroad or Vice Versa"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">Foreign Employer Employing an Austrian Employee \u2013 Tax and Social Security Implications\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>When domestic employees\u00a0enter into\u00a0an employment contract with a foreign employer, or when a domestic employer hires foreign employees,\u00a0a number of\u00a0tax and social security consequences\u00a0must be carefully assessed.<\/p>\n<p>This article takes a closer look at these two\u00a0practically relevant\u00a0scenarios and their respective implications.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">\u00a01. Employment of Employees Abroad<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If an Austrian company\u00a0staffs\u00a0employees who live abroad together with their families (and are therefore tax resident in that country), the following\u00a0tax considerations arise:<\/p>\n<p>As a general rule, employees who do not perform any work in Austria do not create a tax liability in Austria. Under the place-of-work principle\u00a0pursuant to\u00a0Article 15(1) of the OECD Model Tax Convention, taxing rights in such cases lie with the employee\u2019s state of residence.<br \/>\nHowever, if the activity is also carried out in Austria, Austria becomes relevant as the source state.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\nMs. Meyer is employed in Germany. The employment contract stipulates that she works three days per week from her home office in Germany, while two days per week she physically works on site in Austria.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">For working days performed in Germany\u00a0and third countries, Germany has the taxing right. Ms. Meyer is considered tax resident in Germany, as she lives there with her family and\u00a0maintains\u00a0her only place of residence there.<\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">For working days performed in Austria,\u00a0Austria has the taxing right, based on the (economic) employer being resident in Austria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To correctly\u00a0allocate\u00a0taxing rights, the income must be apportioned between Austria and Germany according to the ratio of Austrian working days to total working days (and correspondingly for Germany or third countries). This allocation can be carried out either through payroll accounting or via the annual tax return.<\/p>\n<p>In practice, this involves issuing a domestic wage statement (L1) and a foreign wage statement (L8 or L24).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Only the income reported on the domestic wage statement is subject to Austrian taxation.<\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Income reported on the foreign wage statement is either tax-exempt in Austria (L8) or subject to a foreign tax credit (L24), depending on the applicable method for avoiding double taxation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the employee\u00a0establishes\u00a0a residence or habitual abode in Austria, Austria may, under the so-called\u00a0progression clause, take the foreign income into account when\u00a0determining\u00a0the tax rate applicable to Austrian income\u2014generally resulting\u00a0in a higher effective tax rate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Social Security<br \/>\n<\/strong>Within the EU\/EEA and Switzerland, Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No. 883\/2004 applies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">An individual is subject to the social security legislation of the Member State of residence if they perform a substantial part of their activity there (at least 25%,\u00a0i.e.\u00a0approx. 10 hours per week in a 40-hour working week).<\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">If this threshold is not met, the social security legislation of the\u00a0employer\u2019s\u00a0state applies, and contributions must be paid there.<\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">In both cases, an\u00a0A1 certificate must be\u00a0applied for\u00a0in the\u00a0relevant\u00a0state. This certificate confirms social insurance coverage and prevents contributions from being levied in\u00a0the other state.<\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">In relation to third countries, it must be examined whether a social security agreement exists that prevents double contributions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">2. Austrian Employees Working for a Foreign Employer<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If, for example, an employee resident in Austria is employed by a Slovak employer and works four days per week in Slovakia and one day per week from a home office in Austria, the following tax consequences arise:<\/p>\n<p>Assuming\u00a0the individual has their residence and\u00a0centre\u00a0of vital interests in Austria, they are considered tax resident in Austria. As a rule, taxing rights lie with the state of residence\u2014unless the work is performed in another contracting state.<\/p>\n<p>Taxing rights do not\u00a0remain\u00a0exclusively with Austria if one of the following conditions is met:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">the employer is resident in the other contracting state (here: Slovakia),<\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">a permanent establishment in the other state bears the\u00a0remuneration, or<\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">the\u00a0stay in the other state exceeds 183 days per year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As the employer is resident in Slovakia, the place-of-work principle applies here as well.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Income attributable to working days performed in Austria or third countries is taxable in Austria as the state of residence.<\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Income attributable to working days performed in Slovakia may be taxed in Slovakia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To avoid double taxation, the Slovak income is exempt from tax in Austria but is\u00a0taken into account\u00a0under the progression clause when\u00a0determining\u00a0the applicable Austrian tax rate.<\/p>\n<p>The income taxable in Austria must either be declared in the Austrian tax return or, alternatively, may be withheld and paid in Austria by the foreign employer on a voluntary payroll basis.<\/p>\n<p>If\u00a0the DTA (Double Tax Treaty)\u00a0forsees\u00a0the\u00a0credit method\u00a0to avoid double taxation\u00a0(e.g. Italy, USA, United Kingdom), foreign income is not exempt from Austrian tax; however, the foreign taxes paid may be credited against Austrian tax to the extent they would also be payable in Austria.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Social Security<br \/>\n<\/strong>If the individual performs at least 25% of their activity in Austria, Austrian social security law applies.<br \/>\nAs the employee in this example works only one day per week (20%) in Austria, Slovak social security legislation applies. An A1 certificate must also be\u00a0carried\u00a0for the home office activity in this case.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Cross-border employment relationships are complex from\u00a0a tax and a social security perspective. To avoid subsequent corrections, refunds, or additional contribution payments, it is strongly recommended to seek comprehensive tax and social security advice\u00a0before\u00a0employing foreign employees\u2014or Austrian employees in the case of a foreign employer\u2014particularly since employers in Austria are liable for the correct withholding and payment of payroll taxes.<\/p>\n<p>Your ARTUS advisors will be happy to support you (<span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><a style=\"color: #99cc00;\" href=\"mailto:info@artus.at\">info@artus.at<\/a><\/span>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When domestic employees\u00a0enter into\u00a0an employment contract with a foreign employer, or when a domestic employer hires foreign employees,\u00a0a number of\u00a0tax and social security consequences\u00a0must be carefully assessed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":31340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1802,1801],"tags":[2232,2233],"class_list":["post-31343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international-en","category-law-taxation","tag-expat","tag-international"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31343"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31406,"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31343\/revisions\/31406"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artus.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}